Lai Zhenyuan: I didn't work for nothing.
Lai Zhenyuan created a private architectural Kingdom and wrote a myth of a mason going to the chairman of a listed company. Since China's reform and opening up, he is the first generation of construction entrepreneurs coming out of the Xiangshan Peninsula on the coast of the East China Sea. He built Longyuan Construction Group with wisdom, grace and vision. In the powerful Shanghai construction market, deduced their wonderful life. Over the past Three0 years, the quality perseverance, the entrepreneurship and Thanksgiving society have made Longyuan develop from a grass-roots enterprise to a Chinese private enterprise undertaking construction business with a breakthrough of One00 billion yuan. Looking back on the history of Longyuan's entrepreneurship, from building Shanghai to laying out the whole country, from domestic expansion to international expansion, from entrepreneurship development to transformation and upgrading, has always been in resonance with national development.
Oral: Lai Zhenyuan, Chairman of Longyuan Construction Group
Tidy up: Reporter & nbsp; Xue Zhiyi
One
One98Three年OneOne月Two8日,我?guī)е着と撕蚑hree000元現(xiàn)金,從象山坐車到寧波一整天,再從寧波港坐上海輪,經(jīng)過一整夜的搖擺,到達上海外灘的十六鋪碼頭,從此開始了從事建筑領域的生涯。彈指一揮間,到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有Three5個年頭了?;貞涍@些年,我最感慨的一句話就是:我沒有白辛苦。
在此之前,我One6歲時我就開始帶著泥水工具,在工程隊干活。一次,由于活干得太急,不小心把自己的右手干傷筋了。為了不歇工,我日夜苦練左手功夫,在很短的時間里就練出了一手絕活。后來,象山縣第二建筑工程公司成立,我被任命為副經(jīng)理。
One98Three年,國家重點項目上海寶山鋼鐵廠開工建設,但在施工防滲墻時遇到了難題。恰好負責施工的工程處長是寧波人,他知道象山建筑隊在施工One4Two5國防工程時,解決過類似的難題,于是找到象山縣政府,要求派工程隊馳援。于是,縣政府找到象山二建,專批Three00名進滬勞務指標,要求我?guī)ш犎氫搸椭┕?。我制定了詳盡周密的施工方案,大膽地提出了用當?shù)亻L江泥替代景德鎮(zhèn)黏土筑壩的技術創(chuàng)新,以保證工期的順利完成。我們頂著寒風,站在齊腰深的江水中打樁。潮起就爬上岸去,潮退再下到水里繼續(xù)打,不但提前7個月完成了施工,還節(jié)約了資金90萬元,受到了上海寶鋼工程指揮部的高度贊揚。用長江泥替代景德鎮(zhèn)黏土構筑防滲墻的新工藝,經(jīng)專家鑒定,質量完全符合設計要求。這項工程后來獲得了“One986年度國家質量獎金質獎”。
I want to stay in Shanghai and continue the project. The competent authorities have agreed to set up a second Shanghai office in Xiangshan. Our office was originally set up in an abandoned pig shed in Wujiaochang's political and legislative road. We cleaned it as an office and dormitory. More than a dozen people crowded together, with muddy ground under their feet, felt on their heads, high and low beds sleeping, and pickle soup drinking. At that time, we never thought that we would start from this hog shed and make a big world in Shanghai.
At that time, Shanghai had a strong shadow of planned economy, and it was difficult for outsiders to enter the Shanghai market. His leg broke, his throat was mute, and his business was not even in shadow. Some people began to withdraw. I thought about taking the "countryman" route and mobilizing everyone to ask if anyone of my relatives, friends, three aunts and six mothers-in-law was working as a nanny in Shanghai. This is a very effective tactic, and I got a very important message: a head of Infrastructure Department of a Shanghai electromechanical plant, who once served as a soldier in Xiangshan, was just ready for office building renovation and second workshop renovation. I immediately contacted the nurses to visit, relying on my years of construction experience and drawing, design, calculation and other skills, made some optimization proposals on the drawings, which won the approval of the factory, and in a few days decided to give this project to us to organize the construction.
這是龍元(時稱象山二建上海辦事處)在上海承接的第一項自主業(yè)務。時間是One984年6月。
Two
盡管上海革新電機總廠的項目很小,卻使我們信心大增。為了節(jié)省交通費,我花Two0塊錢買了一輛舊的Two8吋永久牌自行車,“除了鈴不響,隨便哪都響”,用這輛破自行車,幾乎跑遍了上海的大街小巷。這輛破自行車在龍元的創(chuàng)業(yè)史上功不可沒!我打聽到位于楊浦區(qū)的上海第二教育學院要建造理化樓,于是三天兩頭往那里跑,不厭其煩地找相關人員溝通,用誠心打動了負責基建的人,同意給我一個投標名額。
After getting the bid quota, I studied the drawing day and night, worked out the plan and calculated the cost. Finally, I won the construction of the project with the cost of 860,000 yuan, which was contracted by Longyuan (then called the Shanghai Office of the Second Construction of Xiangshan). The winning bid became a landmark project in the development history of Longyuan. Just one day before the opening of the bid, my father was in critical condition. I want to wait until the opening of the bid before returning home. However, when the news of winning the bid came, my father had closed his eyes forever, and did not see his last side. This is the pain in my heart forever!
One985年,上海市建設主管部門開展建筑市場質量巡查,第二教育學院項目也被列入檢查范圍。別人碰到檢查怕得要命,想逃都來不及,可我聽到后卻興奮異常。因為我覺得這是一個正好向上海市行業(yè)領導和專家證明自己、證明龍元的機會。于是,在檢查組蒞臨的那天,我特地派人連夜從老家象山漁港采購回來一些上等海鮮到工地,準備檢查完后請領導和專家好好品嘗一下自己家鄉(xiāng)的美味。但是,當檢查組檢查到一處頂部柱梁時,發(fā)現(xiàn)一個類似紅磚的斑塊,進而懷疑柱梁里面沒有鋼筋,或者偷工減料,并當面對我提出了嚴厲的批評,“海鮮大餐”也無疾而終了。
檢查組走了以后,我親自掄起One8磅大榔頭把柱梁砸開,以找出質量問題,追究施工責任。盡管柱梁鑿開后證明里面是有鋼筋的,而且絕對沒有偷工減料,只是有一塊小紅磚混進混凝土里了。但是,這件事情還是給我很大的刺激。如果我們連這么一點細節(jié)都把握不好,那么我們的施工質量如何保證?以后我們在上海又如何立足?
Later, when Longyuan's reputation in Shanghai's construction market was boosted by "quality", Comrade Lai Zhenyuan, who was the head of the inspection team at that time, said about this matter. I am very sorry to say that he failed to live up to the "seafood feast" I had prepared with great care. I said that if you had not been ruthless, there would have been no Longyuan's "quality industry". Today.
進滬Three0多年來,龍元憑借其靠硬的工程質量,榮獲“魯班獎”、“國優(yōu)獎”、“詹天佑獎”、“白玉蘭獎”等省部級以上優(yōu)質工程獎項800多項,榮獲各項獎勵One000多次,Three0年奪得浙江在滬施工企業(yè)先進單位第一名,連續(xù)One7年名列上海市建筑企業(yè)進滬施工企業(yè)綜合實力第一名。
One99One年Three月,浙江省副省長柴松岳在浙江省城鄉(xiāng)建設廳廳長魏廉陪同下,來到龍元承建的上海鋼絲廠吳淞分廠,看到幾乎可以用“精美”來形容的項目時,激動地對陪同考察的魏廉廳長說:“這是我們浙江建筑業(yè)的榜樣!從今天起,我們浙江的建筑企業(yè)不用去外面學習了,一律到這里來觀摩、學習?!?/span>
Three
業(yè)務規(guī)模的不斷擴大,呈井噴似增長,一下子十幾個工程同時開工,但許多項目不贏反虧。怎么辦?我把這些象山的施工隊伍整編成五個工程隊。隨著我“質量興業(yè)”的品牌打響,業(yè)務來源基本不成問題了。我從One988年開始與下屬工程隊試行一種分塊包干的內(nèi)部承包模式,通過三年的實踐,經(jīng)濟效益并不理想。
我發(fā)現(xiàn)造成項目管理者責任心缺失的根本癥結,就在于現(xiàn)有管理模式“責權利”的不均衡。我選擇了一個項目作為試點,從One989年嘗試一竿子到底的“項目承包經(jīng)營責任制”,“責權利”全部下放,效果出奇地好,不但經(jīng)濟效益馬上扭虧為盈,而且工程質量也有很大的提高。我決定全面推行這種模式。幾位管理骨干和工地主任一聽表示反對,認為這樣做“瓜分”了我們的勝利成果。我說,鈔票要大家一起賺,這樣大家的心才能真正地聚到一起。這一年是One99One年One月。
到One995年,龍元的業(yè)務承接從實行“項目管理責任制”前的不足One億元,一下子躍升到突破One0億元,連年奪得上海優(yōu)質工程“白玉蘭獎”,及進滬施工企業(yè)綜合考評一二名,一時成為上海及浙江建筑同行仿效的對象,上門學習取經(jīng)者絡繹不絕。
One998年Three月,我們的企業(yè)正式更名為“龍元建設集團股份有限公司”,后來還拿到了一個上市名額,但我如果內(nèi)功沒練好,沒有按上市的標準把企業(yè)內(nèi)部的管理抓上去,這是不負責的做法。我婉言謝絕了上市的名額,在集團內(nèi)部展開了以上市為主要目標的企業(yè)管理整頓。
Two004年,在進入上海建筑市場Two0周年之際,龍元“四喜臨門”:
年初,中標當時世界第一高樓(49Two米)的上海環(huán)球金融中心地基工程。Two月,施工總承包資質升為特級。4月,首發(fā)人民幣普通股A股Two800萬股,并于5月Two4日在上海證券交易所掛牌上市,成功登陸資本市場。年底,龍元集團連續(xù)6年獲得進滬施工企業(yè)綜合實力考評第一名。
在發(fā)展中,我們也走過彎路。我們也曾經(jīng)出了Three000萬投資過一個房地產(chǎn)項目,但由于種種原因,不得不叫停。我之所以虧本也要叫停房地產(chǎn)項目,要想到了企業(yè)的“核心競爭力”,必定來自于自己最擅長、最專業(yè)的行當。而穩(wěn)健發(fā)展,就是要確保企業(yè)在市場競爭中的抗風險能力。企業(yè)就像一個千鈞重的鐵球,你別看它現(xiàn)在很好、很平穩(wěn),那是因為我們“一業(yè)為主”的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和經(jīng)營模式等,給它提供了一個穩(wěn)定的平臺,所以大家都能扶住它,也不用花很大的力氣。如果這個平臺因為我們的經(jīng)營策略不當,或者我們的決策失誤而發(fā)生傾斜時,你就是動用千軍萬馬也無法阻止這個千鈞鐵球的下滑,我們就會前功盡棄。此后,我確定“一業(yè)為主,做強做大”的企業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,“走小步,不停步”。
“質量興業(yè)”讓龍元在上海灘異軍突起,“責任承包”讓龍元的市場競爭力大增,“股票上市”、“進軍PPP”又讓龍元如虎添翼般地崛起,如何讓龍元在“百尺竿頭更進一步”,形成自己的核心競爭力呢?我想到了創(chuàng)建“龍元杯”,我要重新喚起全體龍元人的創(chuàng)業(yè)激情。像我們當初勇闖上海灘一樣,再來一次“質量興業(yè)”。有質量就會有市場,全國每年的建筑產(chǎn)值接近Two0萬億,而且每年都在增長而不是下降。我們龍元每年的施工產(chǎn)值才幾百個億,相當于全國產(chǎn)值的幾千分之一,所以不是中國建筑市場的經(jīng)濟形勢好不好的問題,而是我們有沒有本事和能力去分得一塊蛋糕的問題。
【手記】
走進龍元集團在上海的辦公大樓,最先映入眼簾的是一排排閃光的獎牌和一組組璀璨的獎杯,它們默然無聲,卻響亮地宣告著龍元在建筑市場上走過的輝煌道路。見我們走進辦公室,賴振元先生忙站起來和記者握手。他的精神很好,對記者的提問是有問必答,思路清晰。他也詢問著寧波的一些情況,他的象山普通話里,有著一份對家鄉(xiāng)的濃濃的眷戀和牽掛。賴振元用質量描繪了他精彩的建筑人生。他的辦公室墻上,有“用心服務”幾個字,是他親筆撰寫的。
改革開放釋放了民間的活力、生產(chǎn)力、釋放了人們的創(chuàng)造力。賴振元曾說:“企業(yè)家都是野生的”,“一分鐘理論”“鐵球理論”、“用心服務”等觀點和過“項目承包制”“早餐會”等做法,都是他“野生”出來的。野生的有時生命力更強,也更有活力。今天回過頭來看龍元的這段發(fā)展史,賴振元當初高瞻遠矚地把龍元帶入上海市場,是決定龍元起點的一個里程碑似的舉措,而創(chuàng)造性地首推“項目承包經(jīng)營責任制”,更是決定龍元如何成長壯大的又一個里程碑似的創(chuàng)舉。龍元之所以有今天的輝煌,離不開時代的賜予,也和企業(yè)家的開拓、創(chuàng)新精神分不開的。
(原文刊載于《東南商報》)